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Automated classification of civil structure defects based on convolutional neural network

Pierclaudio SAVINO, Francesco TONDOLO

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2,   Pages 305-317 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0725-9

Abstract: Today, the most commonly used civil infrastructure inspection method is based on a visual assessment conducted by certified inspectors following prescribed protocols. However, the increase in aggressive environmental and load conditions, coupled with the achievement of many structures of the life-cycle end, has highlighted the need to automate damage identification and satisfy the number of structures that need to be inspected. To overcome this challenge, this paper presents a method for automating concrete damage classification using a deep convolutional neural network. The convolutional neural network was designed after an experimental investigation of a wide number of pretrained networks, applying the transfer-learning technique. Training and validation were conducted using a database built with 1352 images balanced between “undamaged”, “cracked”, and “delaminated” concrete surfaces. To increase the network robustness compared to images in real-world situations, different image configurations have been collected from the Internet and on-field bridge inspections. The GoogLeNet model, with the highest validation accuracy of approximately 94%, was selected as the most suitable network for concrete damage classification. The results confirm that the proposed model can correctly classify images from real concrete surfaces of bridges, tunnels, and pavement, resulting in an effective alternative to the current visual inspection techniques.

Keywords： concrete structure     infrastructures     visual inspection     convolutional neural network     artificial intelligence    

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Thermal reffusivity: uncovering phonon behavior, structural defects, and domain size

Yangsu XIE, Bowen ZHU, Jing LIU, Zaoli XU, Xinwei WANG

Frontiers in Energy 2018, Volume 12, Issue 1,   Pages 143-157 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0520-z

Abstract: domain size and defect levels of metals, the thermal reffusivity can also uncover phonon behavior, structuredefects and domain size of materials.

Keywords： thermal reffusivity theory     phonon behavior     structure defects     structural thermal domain (STD) size     2D    

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Tomographic diagnosis of defects in hydraulic concrete structure

ZHAO Mingjie, XU Xibin

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 3,   Pages 226-232 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0027-5

Abstract: The ultrasonic tomographic technology is applied to diagnose the defects in hydraulic concrete structureHowever, the image resolution of multiple defects is not satisfactory.Defects with the orientation perpendicular to the direction of the diagnosis may have higher precision

Keywords： satisfactory     processing     orientation     tomographic diagnosis     orientation perpendicular    

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“Charging” the cigarette butt: heteroatomic porous carbon nanosheets with edge-induced topological defects

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 11,   Pages 1755-1764 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2318-8

Abstract: reaction by facilitating the adsorption of oxygenated intermediates by the edge-induced topological defects

Keywords： oxygen evolution reaction     porous carbon nanosheets     Co nanoparticles     edge-induced topological defects    

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Determining casting defects in near-net shape casting aluminum parts by computed tomography

Jiehua LI, Bernd OBERDORFER, Daniel HABE, Peter SCHUMACHER

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2018, Volume 13, Issue 1,   Pages 48-52 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0493-y

Abstract: near-net shape casting aluminum parts were investigated by computed tomography to determine casting defects(second part), low-pressure die casting (first part) significantly reduced the formation of casting defectsNo significant casting defect was observed in the third part, and this absence of defects indicates thatMoreover, casting defects were mostly distributed along the eutectic grain boundaries.This investigation demonstrated that computed tomography is an efficient method to determine casting defects

Keywords： near-net shape casting     aluminum parts     casting defects     low pressure die casting     die casting     semi-solid    

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Detection of solder bump defects on a flip chip using vibration analysis

Junchao LIU, Tielin SHI, Qi XIA, Guanglan LIAO

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2012, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 29-37 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0314-7

Abstract: Solder bump defects on flip chips are difficult to detect, because the solder bumps are obscured by the

Keywords： flip chip     defect detection     ultrasonic excitation     vibration analysis    

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Diagnosis of sewer pipe defects on image recognition of multi-features and support vector machine in

Xiangyang Ye, Jian’e Zuo, Ruohan Li, Yajiao Wang, Lili Gan, Zhonghan Yu, Xiaoqing Hu

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1102-y

Abstract:

An image-recognition-based diagnosis system of pipe defect types was established.

1043 practical pipe images were gathered by CCTV robot in a southern Chinese city.

The overall accuracy of the system is 84% and the highest accuracy is 99.3%.

The accuracy shows positive correlation to the number of training samples.

Keywords： Sewer pipe defects     Defect diagnosing     Image recognition     Multi-features extraction     Support vector machine    

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Tuning nitrogen defects and doping sulfur in carbon nitride for enhanced visible light photocatalytic

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 1,   Pages 93-101 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2175-x

Abstract: In this work, N defects were successfully prepared via cold plasma.High-energy electrons generated by plasma can produce N defects and embed sulfur atoms into g-C3The concentration of N defects can be tuned by different power and time of plasma.With the increase in N defects, the photocatalytic activity showed a volcanic trend.It provided extra active sites for photocatalytic reaction and improved stability of N defects.

Keywords： g-C3N4     nitrogen defect     sulfur doping     photodegradation     plasma    

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Loss of liver kinase B1 causes planar polarity defects in cochlear hair cells in mice

Yuqin Men,Aizhen Zhang,Liwen Zhang,Yecheng Jin,Zhishuo Wang,Jing Zhao,Xiaolin Yu,Jian Zhang,Jiangang Gao

Frontiers of Medicine 2016, Volume 10, Issue 4,   Pages 481-489 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0494-3

Abstract:

The tumor suppressor gene liver kinase B1 (LKB1), also called STK11, encodes a serine/threonine kinase. LKB1 plays crucial roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and polarity. In this study, LKB1 conditional knockout mice (LKB1Pax2 CKO mice) were generated using Pax2-Cre mice to investigate the function of LKB1 in inner ear hair cells during early embryonic period. LKB1Pax2 CKO mice died perinatally. Immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy revealed that stereociliary bundles in LKB1Pax2 CKO mice were clustered and misoriented, respectively. Moreover, ectopic distribution of kinocilium bundles resulting from abnormal migration of kinocilium was observed in the mutant mice. The orientation of stereociliary bundles and the migration of kinocilia are critical indicators of planar cell polarity (PCP) of hair cells. LKB1 deficiency in LKB1Pax2 CKO mice thus disrupted hair cell planar polarity during embryonic development. Our results suggest that LKB1 is required in PCP formation in cochlear hair cells in mice.

Keywords： LKB1     stereociliary bundles     kinocilium     planar cell polarity     hearing     mice    

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Highly uniform Ni particles with phosphorus and adjacent defects catalyze 1,5-dinitronaphthalene hydrogenation

Wei Xiong, Susu Zhou, Zeyong Zhao, Fang Hao, Zhihui Cai, Pingle Liu, Hailiang Zhang, Hean Luo

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4,   Pages 998-1007 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1994-x

Abstract: This work proposes a modified activated carbon support, with defects and heteroatoms (N,P-ACs) by nitrogenThe nitrogen species were burned off at 900 °C, causing more defects for nickel metal loading, facilitatingIt exhibits that the defects formed by heteroatom doping are beneficial to nickel anchoring and depositionThe phosphorus species in combination with the defects are suitable for H adsorption and dissociation

Keywords： nitrogen and phosphorus doping     non-noble nickel catalyst     aromatic compounds hydrogenation    

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Behavior of Impurities, Defects and Surface Morphology for Silicon and Silicon Based Semiconducting Materials

Tu Hailing

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 1,   Pages 7-17

Abstract: and wafers bring about a number of technological problems and on the other hand, impurities behavior, defectsand surface mor-point defects and the extended defects, and their relations with crystal growth technologyInteraction between points defects and oxygen precipitates has been treated to be of prime importance

Keywords： silicon wafers     epitaxial silicon wafers     SiGe     silicon-on-insulator (SOI)     impurities behavior     defects control    

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New medical risks affecting obstetrics after implementation of the two-child policy in China

Qiang Li, Dongrui Deng

Frontiers of Medicine 2017, Volume 11, Issue 4,   Pages 570-575 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0552-5

Abstract:

China recently instituted a two-child policy in response to its aging population, declining workforce and demographic dividend, and the need to develop asocial economy. Additionally, women generally delay having a second child because of the overwhelming pressure in their lives. With the improvements in assisted fertility technologies in recent years, the number of elderly women attempting to bear children has increased. The quality of woman’s eggs and a man’s sperm declined dramatically with increasing age, leading to an increased risk of pregnancy-related complications among older women. Therefore, the types of fertility problems experienced by elderly females must be provided with considerable attention by obstetricians. This commentary article focuses on the medical problems faced by older second-child pregnant women. This work discusses their increased rates of infertility, spontaneous abortion, fetal malformation, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, placenta previa, postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum depression, and hypertensive disorders, which complicate pregnancy.

Keywords： two-child policy     birth defects     cesarean delivery     placenta previa    

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Nondestructive Testing Method to Assess and Detect Road Performance

Guo Chengchao,Xu Pengfei and Zhong Yanhui

Strategic Study of CAE 2017, Volume 19, Issue 6,   Pages 72-79 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.06.011

Abstract:

At present, China is faced with major problems in infrastructure management, such as improper scheduling and belated implementation of maintenance work or huge maintenance budget outlays. As such, it is essential to implement rapid and effective management measures to ensure road safety, prevent catastrophic damage, and increase economic growth. In this paper, five nondestructive road testing methods and their associated testing equipment are introduced according to the American Society for Testing and Materials. These include the falling weight deflectometer, ground penetrating radar, macro texture depth, international roughness index, and spectral analysis of surface waves. The operating principles and applications of each testing method are elaborated to guide relevant personnel to make a reasoned choice according to their actual situation. The application of these testing methods will accelerate the assessment of projects without traffic closures, likely provide a new approach for establishing a high-efficiency intelligent road network monitoring system, and will provide a practical and feasible method for sustainable road development and the efficient utilization of capital.

Keywords： road detection     road defects     nondestructive testing    

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Genetic evidence in planar cell polarity signaling pathway in human neural tube defects

Chunquan Cai, Ouyan Shi

Frontiers of Medicine 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 68-78 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0308-4

Abstract:

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of birth anomalies having a profound physical, emotional, and

Keywords： planar cell polarity     neural tube defects     rare mutations    

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Mechanical responses of pristine and defective hexagonal boron-nitride nanosheets: A molecular dynamics investigation

Mohammad SALAVATI, Arvin MOJAHEDIN, Ali Hossein Nezhad SHIRAZI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 3,   Pages 623-631 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0616-5

Abstract: Pristine and defective structure of h-BN nanosheets were considered under the uniaxial tensile loadingsThe defective structure contains three types of the most common initial defects in engineering materialsthat are known as cracks, notches (with various length/size), and point vacancy defects (with a widecomprehensive and useful vision concerning the mechanical properties of h-BN nanosheets with/without defects

Keywords： hexagonal boron-nitride     mechanical properties     crack     notch     point defects     molecular dynamics    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Automated classification of civil structure defects based on convolutional neural network

Pierclaudio SAVINO, Francesco TONDOLO

Journal Article

Thermal reffusivity: uncovering phonon behavior, structural defects, and domain size

Yangsu XIE, Bowen ZHU, Jing LIU, Zaoli XU, Xinwei WANG

Journal Article

Tomographic diagnosis of defects in hydraulic concrete structure

ZHAO Mingjie, XU Xibin

Journal Article

“Charging” the cigarette butt: heteroatomic porous carbon nanosheets with edge-induced topological defects

Journal Article

Determining casting defects in near-net shape casting aluminum parts by computed tomography

Jiehua LI, Bernd OBERDORFER, Daniel HABE, Peter SCHUMACHER

Journal Article

Detection of solder bump defects on a flip chip using vibration analysis

Junchao LIU, Tielin SHI, Qi XIA, Guanglan LIAO

Journal Article

Diagnosis of sewer pipe defects on image recognition of multi-features and support vector machine in

Xiangyang Ye, Jian’e Zuo, Ruohan Li, Yajiao Wang, Lili Gan, Zhonghan Yu, Xiaoqing Hu

Journal Article

Tuning nitrogen defects and doping sulfur in carbon nitride for enhanced visible light photocatalytic

Journal Article

Loss of liver kinase B1 causes planar polarity defects in cochlear hair cells in mice

Yuqin Men,Aizhen Zhang,Liwen Zhang,Yecheng Jin,Zhishuo Wang,Jing Zhao,Xiaolin Yu,Jian Zhang,Jiangang Gao

Journal Article

Highly uniform Ni particles with phosphorus and adjacent defects catalyze 1,5-dinitronaphthalene hydrogenation

Wei Xiong, Susu Zhou, Zeyong Zhao, Fang Hao, Zhihui Cai, Pingle Liu, Hailiang Zhang, Hean Luo

Journal Article

Behavior of Impurities, Defects and Surface Morphology for Silicon and Silicon Based Semiconducting Materials

Tu Hailing

Journal Article

New medical risks affecting obstetrics after implementation of the two-child policy in China

Qiang Li, Dongrui Deng

Journal Article

Nondestructive Testing Method to Assess and Detect Road Performance

Guo Chengchao,Xu Pengfei and Zhong Yanhui

Journal Article

Genetic evidence in planar cell polarity signaling pathway in human neural tube defects

Chunquan Cai, Ouyan Shi

Journal Article

Mechanical responses of pristine and defective hexagonal boron-nitride nanosheets: A molecular dynamics investigation

Mohammad SALAVATI, Arvin MOJAHEDIN, Ali Hossein Nezhad SHIRAZI

Journal Article